以山东省三大土类为供试土壤,研究了在山东平均年降雨量的条件下不同施磷量对磷有效性和磷素淋溶风险的影响。结果表明,随着施磷量的增加,三大土类表层速效磷含量均有明显提高;土壤速效磷能够随水发生垂直迁移,一年降雨强度能使其向下迁移15cm左右,30～100cm土层速效磷基本保持不变;由于固磷能力的差异,褐土磷素淋溶风险最低,其次是潮土,棕壤磷素的淋溶风险最高。 Taking the three soils of Shandong Province as test soil, the effects of different phosphorus application rates on phosphorus availability and phosphorus leaching risk under the condition of average annual rainfall in Shandong were studied. The results showed that with the increase of phosphorus application, the content of available P in the three major soils increased obviously. The available phosphorus in the soil could migrate vertically with water, and the rainfall intensity of one year could make it migrate downward about 15cm and 30 ~ 100cm Soil available phosphorus basically remained unchanged; due to differences in phosphorus fixation, the lowest risk of phosphorus leaching in the cinnamon soil, followed by the Chao soil, the highest risk of phosphorus leaching brown soil.