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为了研究不同地理群体小黄鱼的遗传分化情况,本次研究运用单因素方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析等统计分析方法对采自江苏吕泗(LS)、福建宁德(ND)、山东青岛(QD)和浙江象山(XS)的4个小黄鱼群体进行了形态学比较研究。单因素方差分析结果显示,33个形态比例性状中,只有一个性状在4个地理群体之间差异不显著;通过主成分分析对33个比例性状进行降维处理筛选出6个主成分,其累计贡献率为75.17%,此结果小于85%,所以依靠筛选的6个主成分对4个小黄鱼群体进行区分无法取得较为理想的效果。通过对形态性状的聚类分析,成功构建了4个小黄鱼群体的聚类树状图,对4个小黄鱼群体的亲缘关系远近有了一个初步了解,其中LS、ND和QD小黄鱼群体亲缘关系较近,而XS群体与三者的亲缘关系较远。判别分析的结果显示,通过判别函数对4个小黄鱼群体进行判别,其中LS群体判别率最高(97.5%);ND群体判别率最低(80.0%),4个群体的综合判别率为89.4%,说明通过判别分析对4个地区小黄鱼群体进行判别,具有较高准确性。本次研究采用的单因素方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析对4个小黄鱼地理群体的分析结果一致,均显示4个小黄鱼群体间存在一定程度的分化,但是不同地理群体之间分化程度存在一定差别。
In order to study the genetic differentiation of small yellow croaker in different geographical populations, this study used statistical analysis methods such as one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis, Four small yellow croaker populations from Qingdao, Shandong (QD) and Xiangshan, Zhejiang (XS) were studied morphologically. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that among the 33 morphological traits, only one trait showed no significant difference among the 4 geographical groups. Sixteen principal components were screened by principal component analysis The contribution rate is 75.17%, and the result is less than 85%. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve the desired effect by distinguishing the four small yellow croaker populations by the six selected principal components. Based on the cluster analysis of morphological traits, we successfully constructed the cluster dendrogram of four small yellow croaker populations, and got a preliminary understanding of the genetic relationship of four small yellow croaker populations. Among them, LS, ND and QD were closely related , While the XS population is far away from the three. Discriminant analysis showed that discriminant function of four small yellow croaker populations were discriminant, among which, LS group had the highest discrimination rate (97.5%), ND group with the lowest discrimination rate (80.0%), and 4 groups with the discrimination rate of 89.4% By discriminant analysis of four small yellow croaker population discrimination, with high accuracy. The results of one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis of the four small yellow croaker populations analyzed in this study showed that there was a certain degree of differentiation among the four small yellow croaker populations, but among the different geographical groups There are some differences in the degree of differentiation.