Systematic analysis about the exploitation of imidazolium based ionic liquids(ILs),[BMIM]BF_4[IL1],[EMIM]BF_4 [IL2]and[BMIM]PF_6[IL3]as the morphological template on the basic sol-gel method adopted synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide(ZnO) is presented.X-ray diffraction(XRD),particle size analysis(PSA) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) have been employed for the characterization of structure and morphology of the synthesized ZnO particles.Well-defined capsule like shaped morphology with lower nanosize is observed for the ZnO nanoparticles with IL1 than those with IL2 and IL3.This confirms that IL1 served as an effective templating material due to their unique properties.Especially the effective aggregation of ZnO particles with a self-organized frame of IL1 was the essential factor to produce the lower nanosized ZnO with capsule shaped structure.The synthesized ZnO samples with IL2 and IL3 fabricated the flake like shaped and rod like shaped morphologies in the range of nanoscale.The formed ZnO nanoparticles with IL2 exhibit higher nanosize than the ZnO nanoparticles produced by IL1,owing to shorter length of alkyl group in its cation which restricts steric effect and permits the nanoparticles to grow longer.Even though IL3 produced the discrete ZnO nanorods,the hydrophobic nature of IL3 created the higher nanosize than the ZnO nanoparticles formed by other two ionic liquids.Antibacterial properties of the synthesized ZnO nanostructures were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus(gram positive) and Escherichia coli(gram negative) bacteria by Agar diffusion test method.Microbial experiments indicate that the synthesized ZnO samples show a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities and performed better against S.aureus than E.coli with the same concentration of ZnO. Systematic analysis about the exploitation of imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs), [BMIM] BF_4 [IL1], [EMIM] BF_4 [IL2] and [BMIM] PF_6 [IL3] as the morphological template on the basic sol- gel method adoption synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) is presented. X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis (PSA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been employed for the characterization of structure and morphology of the synthesized ZnO particles. capsule like shaped morphology with lower nanosize is observed for the ZnO nanoparticles with IL1 than those with IL2 and IL3.This confirms that IL1 served as an effective templating material due to their unique properties. Particularly the effective aggregation of ZnO particles with a self-organized frame of IL1 was the essential factor to produce the lower nanosized ZnO with capsule shaped structure. The synthesized ZnO samples with IL2 and IL3 fabricated the flake like shaped and rod like shaped morphologies in the range of nanoscal e. formed ZnO nanoparticles with IL2 exhibit higher nanosize than the ZnO nanoparticles produced by IL1, due to shorter length of alkyl group in its cation which restricts steric effect and permits the nanoparticles to grow longer. Even though IL3 produced the discrete ZnO nanorods, the hydrophobic nature of IL3 created the higher nanosize than the ZnO nanoparticles formed by other two ionic liquids.Antibacterial properties of the synthesized ZnO nanostructures were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) and Escherichia coli (gram negative) bacteria by Agar diffusion test method. Microbial experiments indicate that the synthesized ZnO samples show a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities and performed better against S. aureus than E. coli with the same concentration of ZnO.