论文部分内容阅读
一提到英语阅读许多学生往往联想到的是如何就阅读文章解其后的理解题。这其实是对阅读的一种误解。这样的阅读只注重了阅读材料的表层意义，而没有从文章的字里行间去挖掘其主题思想，因此阅读材料的内容在脑海中只能是昙花一现，像过眼烟云瞬间就会消失。在阅读时个人的情感很少能与作者的情感产生共鸣，只注重了文字的表象，而缺乏个人对事物情感的体验、人生的感悟、心灵的触动、不能领悟作者在文章中充满哲理性的教诲，不能获得阅读的精髓。没有能上升到理性的高度去审视阅读的材料，因而收获甚少。本文结合一些中考阅读理解题，从另一视角来探讨如何通过阅读以怡情、以博彩。
一、人生中的感悟
在许多阅读文章中作者往往用一些浅近的事例来阐述发生在我们身边的细微之事，也许正是这些平凡的琐事却反映出人性的真、善、美。阅读这些文章会使我们感悟到美其实无处不在，只是忽视了我们所发现的目光而已。也许有的事看似微不足道，却蕴涵着深刻的道理。读后使人感慨万分。阅读下面的文章，便会有切身的感受。
Wang Fengqin, a 61-year-old woman in Beijing, volunteers to sort rubbish in her living area in Beijing’s Chaoyang District.
At 6:30 every morning, while half of Beijing is still in sleeping dreams in bed or enjoying a delicious breakfast, Wang rushes through her busiest hours in the day. She gets up, has a quick wash, takes a simple breakfast and rushes to the four rubbish dustbins besides the gate of her living area. There she checks the waste left by her neighbours to make sure it is sorted correctly.
“Sorting rubbish will improve the environment for all of us and it only takes a minute,” Wang said. “I want to help my neighbours develop good habits.”
“Most people had no idea about sorting rubbish at first, but now 90 percent can put rubbish in the correct dustbin,” Wang said. However, she plans to keep doing this job until all her neighbours sort correctly. (2010 盐城市中考试卷)
本文论述了一位北京老人在所住的小区里志愿从事垃圾分类工作的事例。看似平凡之举，却处处透射出老人的环保意识。从文章的内容可以看出在她的带动之下，该住宅小区百分之九十的居民都能将垃圾正确地分类。文中老人的话语是如此的朴实，她用自己的实际行动诠释了一位环保主义者的美好心灵。老人犹如花匠，用她那长满老茧的手，用那被荆棘碰得伤痕累累的手，创造了永不凋残的花朵，创造了人间的美。读到这里我们眼前仿佛浮动出老人的倩影，她是美丽的建筑、永不褪色的雕塑，更是一首流动的诗，一曲飘扬的歌，让人久读不厌，久听不衰。读罢此文心中涌动出的是对人生的感悟。老人亦能有如此执着的信念，那我们绿色的未来还会遥远吗？
二、哲理性的教诲
在一些阅读文章中我们常常会读到一些充满哲理的话语，这些话语催人振奋，仿佛使人在聆听智者的谆谆教诲，让人感悟到其真谛所在。使人深知每个人在成长过程中都不是一帆风顺的，生命的征程中有激流、有险滩、有逆境，但只要在激流中锐意搏击，在险滩中敢于探索，在逆境中勇于进取，才能体验到真正的成功。这些充满哲理的话语的阅读文章实际上起到了潜移默化的教育功能作用，给人以前进的力量，从下面这篇文章的节选中便能窥出其中的真谛。
Have successful people ever felt sad? Do they have any “secrets” to success? The answer to these questions can be found in the US president Barack Obama’s “Back to School” speech. Here is an excerpt from his speech.
But the truth is that being successful is hard. You won’t love every subject you study. Not all the homework will seem completely important to your life right this minute. And you may not succeed at everything the first time you try.
No one’s born being good at things. You become good at things through hard work. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn’t a sign of weakness; it’s a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to admit when you don’t know something, and to learn something new.
And even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you—don’t ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. (2010常州市中考试卷)
本文为经典时文，通过奥巴马的演讲来告诉我们人生的征程充满了艰辛，一个人不是轻而易举就能成功的。即使处于逆境，也永远不要放弃自己。没有人天生就能事事成功，只有通过自己不懈的努力才能到达理想的境界。一个人要在淡泊中静思明志，在挫折中笑纳苦果。要明知失败是成功之母，要在挫折中抬起头来，勇敢地面对失败，尽自己的所能去实现自己的梦想。不要害怕寻求帮助，寻求帮助是一种勇气的象征，在问中学、在问中思、在问中悟，才能在最后到达胜利的彼岸。阅读这样的文章搁笔沉思，心中必然会波澜起伏，勇气倍增，经典的话语使人悟出人生的哲理。
三、情感上的体验
在阅读文章时，许多学生往往对文中作者所涉及到的个人情感的流露淡如水，不能结合所阅读的文章把自己的情感与作者的情感进行交融，不能从文章的字里行间去细细地品味其欲表达的情感，因而常常会造成片面的理解。因此在阅读时，不能仅仅局限于某个段落的内容去加以判断，而应结合全文的内容去揣摩作者是以何种口吻来论述个人情感的。阅读下面的文章便会窥探出人心灵上的感应。
One Sunday morning, I decided to buy a computer to use for school. I went to the biggest store in town, which sold all kinds of computers. There were so many computers there that I didn’t know how to choose a right one.
“Hi!What can I do for you?” A young man greeted me with a sweet smile. He looked like not a salesman but a student like me. I sensed a strange feeling—as if I had met him before. He began patiently showing me each model. With his help, I decided to buy one computer with enough functions at a very low price. I enjoyed this shopping experience because of his smile. A few months later, something was wrong with my computer. I went back to the store to have it fixed. When I arrived there, what I saw first was still his smile. As soon as I told him my problem, he comforted me and tried his best to solve the problem for me. I was quite grateful to him for sweet smile and good service.
When I went back to school, his smile often appeared in my mind. I don’t know whether we’ll meet each other again, but his sweet smile will stay there in my memory and deep in my heart. Smiling is the most powerful language in the daily life. (2010 镇江市中考试卷)
全文以“sweet smile”点明了文章的主题。一个甜美的微笑留给人的是永久的思念。微笑像蓝天上的白云那样飘逸，让人载着它每天进入甜蜜的梦乡；微笑像艳丽的花朵，每天映入人的眼帘，让人陶醉在幸福之中；微笑像明净的溪水，洗尽了人们之间的一切恩怨，给人以无限的欢愉；微笑是无声的语言，一切尽在不言之中，它沉醉在人的心中，也永久地珍藏在人的记忆之中。读到这样的美文，我们仿佛在聆听作者从心灵深处流淌的追忆，留下的则是最美好的永恒，给人以情深深、思悠悠之感。
通过以上几段英语中考阅读题的解析可以看出，如果把阅读仅仅作为练习的一种形式，只求得对文字的表层理解，而未深入到文章的内涵中去思索、去领悟，是不可能达到阅读的更高层次的。因此在阅读时要从感性认识上升到理性认识的高度，才能有效地提高自己的阅读水平。从多层的角度去考虑阅读的文章，以形成有效的阅读策略。把每次的阅读看作是一份思想的收获，一次人生的感悟，一次情感的体验，一次深刻的教诲，从学会读到学会评价和欣赏，才能使自己经历一次思想的洗礼，方能显出阅读的本质。
一、人生中的感悟
在许多阅读文章中作者往往用一些浅近的事例来阐述发生在我们身边的细微之事，也许正是这些平凡的琐事却反映出人性的真、善、美。阅读这些文章会使我们感悟到美其实无处不在，只是忽视了我们所发现的目光而已。也许有的事看似微不足道，却蕴涵着深刻的道理。读后使人感慨万分。阅读下面的文章，便会有切身的感受。
Wang Fengqin, a 61-year-old woman in Beijing, volunteers to sort rubbish in her living area in Beijing’s Chaoyang District.
At 6:30 every morning, while half of Beijing is still in sleeping dreams in bed or enjoying a delicious breakfast, Wang rushes through her busiest hours in the day. She gets up, has a quick wash, takes a simple breakfast and rushes to the four rubbish dustbins besides the gate of her living area. There she checks the waste left by her neighbours to make sure it is sorted correctly.
“Sorting rubbish will improve the environment for all of us and it only takes a minute,” Wang said. “I want to help my neighbours develop good habits.”
“Most people had no idea about sorting rubbish at first, but now 90 percent can put rubbish in the correct dustbin,” Wang said. However, she plans to keep doing this job until all her neighbours sort correctly. (2010 盐城市中考试卷)
本文论述了一位北京老人在所住的小区里志愿从事垃圾分类工作的事例。看似平凡之举，却处处透射出老人的环保意识。从文章的内容可以看出在她的带动之下，该住宅小区百分之九十的居民都能将垃圾正确地分类。文中老人的话语是如此的朴实，她用自己的实际行动诠释了一位环保主义者的美好心灵。老人犹如花匠，用她那长满老茧的手，用那被荆棘碰得伤痕累累的手，创造了永不凋残的花朵，创造了人间的美。读到这里我们眼前仿佛浮动出老人的倩影，她是美丽的建筑、永不褪色的雕塑，更是一首流动的诗，一曲飘扬的歌，让人久读不厌，久听不衰。读罢此文心中涌动出的是对人生的感悟。老人亦能有如此执着的信念，那我们绿色的未来还会遥远吗？
二、哲理性的教诲
在一些阅读文章中我们常常会读到一些充满哲理的话语，这些话语催人振奋，仿佛使人在聆听智者的谆谆教诲，让人感悟到其真谛所在。使人深知每个人在成长过程中都不是一帆风顺的，生命的征程中有激流、有险滩、有逆境，但只要在激流中锐意搏击，在险滩中敢于探索，在逆境中勇于进取，才能体验到真正的成功。这些充满哲理的话语的阅读文章实际上起到了潜移默化的教育功能作用，给人以前进的力量，从下面这篇文章的节选中便能窥出其中的真谛。
Have successful people ever felt sad? Do they have any “secrets” to success? The answer to these questions can be found in the US president Barack Obama’s “Back to School” speech. Here is an excerpt from his speech.
But the truth is that being successful is hard. You won’t love every subject you study. Not all the homework will seem completely important to your life right this minute. And you may not succeed at everything the first time you try.
No one’s born being good at things. You become good at things through hard work. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn’t a sign of weakness; it’s a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to admit when you don’t know something, and to learn something new.
And even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you—don’t ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. (2010常州市中考试卷)
本文为经典时文，通过奥巴马的演讲来告诉我们人生的征程充满了艰辛，一个人不是轻而易举就能成功的。即使处于逆境，也永远不要放弃自己。没有人天生就能事事成功，只有通过自己不懈的努力才能到达理想的境界。一个人要在淡泊中静思明志，在挫折中笑纳苦果。要明知失败是成功之母，要在挫折中抬起头来，勇敢地面对失败，尽自己的所能去实现自己的梦想。不要害怕寻求帮助，寻求帮助是一种勇气的象征，在问中学、在问中思、在问中悟，才能在最后到达胜利的彼岸。阅读这样的文章搁笔沉思，心中必然会波澜起伏，勇气倍增，经典的话语使人悟出人生的哲理。
三、情感上的体验
在阅读文章时，许多学生往往对文中作者所涉及到的个人情感的流露淡如水，不能结合所阅读的文章把自己的情感与作者的情感进行交融，不能从文章的字里行间去细细地品味其欲表达的情感，因而常常会造成片面的理解。因此在阅读时，不能仅仅局限于某个段落的内容去加以判断，而应结合全文的内容去揣摩作者是以何种口吻来论述个人情感的。阅读下面的文章便会窥探出人心灵上的感应。
One Sunday morning, I decided to buy a computer to use for school. I went to the biggest store in town, which sold all kinds of computers. There were so many computers there that I didn’t know how to choose a right one.
“Hi!What can I do for you?” A young man greeted me with a sweet smile. He looked like not a salesman but a student like me. I sensed a strange feeling—as if I had met him before. He began patiently showing me each model. With his help, I decided to buy one computer with enough functions at a very low price. I enjoyed this shopping experience because of his smile. A few months later, something was wrong with my computer. I went back to the store to have it fixed. When I arrived there, what I saw first was still his smile. As soon as I told him my problem, he comforted me and tried his best to solve the problem for me. I was quite grateful to him for sweet smile and good service.
When I went back to school, his smile often appeared in my mind. I don’t know whether we’ll meet each other again, but his sweet smile will stay there in my memory and deep in my heart. Smiling is the most powerful language in the daily life. (2010 镇江市中考试卷)
全文以“sweet smile”点明了文章的主题。一个甜美的微笑留给人的是永久的思念。微笑像蓝天上的白云那样飘逸，让人载着它每天进入甜蜜的梦乡；微笑像艳丽的花朵，每天映入人的眼帘，让人陶醉在幸福之中；微笑像明净的溪水，洗尽了人们之间的一切恩怨，给人以无限的欢愉；微笑是无声的语言，一切尽在不言之中，它沉醉在人的心中，也永久地珍藏在人的记忆之中。读到这样的美文，我们仿佛在聆听作者从心灵深处流淌的追忆，留下的则是最美好的永恒，给人以情深深、思悠悠之感。
通过以上几段英语中考阅读题的解析可以看出，如果把阅读仅仅作为练习的一种形式，只求得对文字的表层理解，而未深入到文章的内涵中去思索、去领悟，是不可能达到阅读的更高层次的。因此在阅读时要从感性认识上升到理性认识的高度，才能有效地提高自己的阅读水平。从多层的角度去考虑阅读的文章，以形成有效的阅读策略。把每次的阅读看作是一份思想的收获，一次人生的感悟，一次情感的体验，一次深刻的教诲，从学会读到学会评价和欣赏，才能使自己经历一次思想的洗礼，方能显出阅读的本质。