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本文以全球价值链分工体系下发展中国家承接国际外包实践为背景,从承包企业所面临的风险角度审视国际外包,认为承包活动将伴随着陷阱,并提出了分析国际外包陷阱的一个初步理论框架。国际外包陷阱描述了承包企业陷入长期低水平接包而难以自拔的一种状态,其在理论溯源、概念假设、形成机制及产生效应等方面区别于比较优势陷阱。承包企业对发包企业技术上的严重依赖和对低劳动力素质的过度依赖是前者极易落入国际外包陷阱的主要原因,落入国际外包陷阱的后果则是从长期看承包企业人力资本积累缓慢、缺乏技术创新能力积累导致与发包企业间技术差距和边际生产率差距同时不断扩大。基于以上理论框架,本文构建了国际外包陷阱产生机理的数理模型,阐明了承包企业内部技术积累及外部需求推动两大跨越国际外包陷阱的途径,归纳了国际外包陷阱跨越的“单脚”、“双脚”及“跳跃型”三种模式,并对承包企业发展战略和发展中国家相关产业政策制定提出了建议。
This paper examines international outsourcing from the perspective of the contracting companies under the background of the international outsourcing practices of developing countries under the division of labor in the global value chain. It considers that contracting activities will be accompanied by traps and proposes a preliminary theoretical framework for analyzing the international outsourcing traps . The international outsourcing trap describes a state in which contracting enterprises get stuck in long-term low-level outsourcing and is difficult to extricate itself from the comparative advantage trap in theory traceability, conceptual assumptions, formation mechanism and production effect. The contractor’s heavy reliance on the contracting enterprises and over-reliance on low-quality workforce are the main reasons for the former to fall into the international outsourcing trap. The consequence of falling into the international outsourcing trap is that the human capital accumulation in the contracting enterprises is slow in the long run, The lack of accumulation of technological innovation capacity has led to the simultaneous expansion of the technological gap with the contracting enterprises and the marginal productivity gap. Based on the above theoretical framework, this paper constructs a mathematical model of the international outsourcing trap generation mechanism, expounds the ways of internal technological accumulation and external demand promotion of international outsourcing traversal traversing international outsourcing traps, and sums up the “single-legged , ”Legs“ and ”Leaping", and put forward suggestions on the development strategy of contracting enterprises and the formulation of relevant industrial policies in developing countries.