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马克思所谓的服务劳动,是同收入相交换的非生产劳动。作为各种各样的活劳动的服务劳动是具体劳动,又凝结着抽象劳动,因此,作为活劳动的服务劳动是能形成价值的商品。一般商品经济社会形态下的商品中包含了人类抽象劳动的价值。按马克思,资本主义社会条件下非创造剩余价值的劳动都是服务劳动。所以,资本主义条件下的与收入相交换的服务劳动也应该是创造价值的劳动,尽管它不创造剩余价值。在社会主义初级阶段市场经济条件下,服务劳动也可以看做是同收入相交换的非生产劳动(不生产剩余价值的劳动),服务劳动也创造价值,其价值决定于服务活劳动中包含的人类一般无差别的抽象劳动。
Marx’s so-called service labor is non-productive labor that is exchanged for income. As a service labor of various kinds of living labor, it is a concrete work and a condensation of abstract labor. Therefore, service work as a living work is a product that can be valued. The general merchandise contains the value of human abstract labor in commodities in the economic and social formations. According to Marx, the labor that creates non-value-added labor under the capitalist social conditions is service. Therefore, service labor in exchange for income under capitalism should also be a labor of value creation, though it does not create surplus value. In the primary stage of socialism, under the conditions of a market economy, service labor can also be regarded as non-productive labor (labor that does not produce surplus value) that is exchanged with income, and service labor also creates value, whose value depends on the human being General undifferentiated abstract labor.