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建筑是一个民族所创造的物质文化的重要表现,每一个特定时期的建筑都综合的反映了这个时期该民族在科学技术、文化艺术和思想层面所达到的综合水平。而在建筑中起着重要作用的建筑材料则更加详细地反映了这个时期物质文明和精神文明的发展情况。“秦砖汉瓦”历来因为其精湛的制造工艺、成熟的烧制技术和丰富的文化内涵而闻名于世。随着近年来不断出土的考古资料,学者们越来越多地把目光集中在对秦汉瓦的研究上而忽视了对秦砖的分析。而秦兵马俑坑的发掘、秦都咸阳一、二、三号宫殿的勘查为秦砖的研究提供了许多新的资料。本文立足于陕西地区,以咸阳时期为例,通过对秦的宫殿建筑、秦公陵园以及一些小型砖式墓中出土的“秦砖”进行分类和分析,来说明秦砖研究中的几个问题。
Architecture is an important manifestation of the material culture created by a nation. Each particular period of architecture comprehensively reflects the level of integration the nation attained in science, technology, culture, art and ideology during this period. Building materials, which play an important role in building, reflect in more detail the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization in this period. “Qin brick Hanwa ” has always been known for its exquisite manufacturing process, mature firing technology and rich cultural connotation. With the unceasing excavation of archaeological materials in recent years, scholars are more and more focused on the study of Qin and Han watts while ignoring the analysis of Qin brick. The excavations of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses and the exploration of the palaces of No.1, No.2 and No.3 in Xianyang in Qin Dynasty provide many new materials for the study of Qin bricks. Based on the Shaanxi area, taking Xianyang period as an example, we classify and analyze the “Qin brick” unearthed in Qin palace, Qin Gong cemetery and some small brick tombs A question.