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铁(化学符号是 Fe)是最丰富而最有用的一种金属。人类很早就发现了铁。铁有许多种类,包括铸铁(也叫生铁,性质脆)、熟铁、钢和合金钢。有了铁,人类文明才开始建立起来。人类生活中和铁的接触最多。自然界里没有纯铁,陨铁也不是纯铁而是镍和铁的合金。铁或者是和其他元素结合着。主要的含铁矿石有赤铁矿(red haematite,Fe_2O_3)、褐铁矿(brown haematite,2Fe_2O_3·3H_2O)、磁铁矿(magnetic iron ore‘Fe_3O_4,这种铁矿带磁性)和炭酸铁矿(FeCo_3)。前两种含铁约百分之五、六十,磁铁矿含铁约百分之六十五,炭酸铁矿含铁只百分之三十。当从铁的氧化物矿石中提取铁的时候,大多是把矿石和碳放在一块儿加高热,所起的化学反应可以用下面的反应式来表示:
Iron (the chemical symbol is Fe) is the most abundant and useful metal. Humans discovered iron early on. There are many types of iron, including cast iron (also called pig iron, brittle), wrought iron, steel and alloy steel. With iron, human civilization began to build. The most contact with iron in human life. There is no pure iron in the natural world, and iron ore is not pure iron but an alloy of nickel and iron. Iron is combined with other elements. The main iron-bearing ores include red haematite (Fe_2O_3), brown haematite (2Fe_2O_3·3H_2O), magnetite (magnetic iron ore’Fe_3O_4), and iron ore with carbonic acid. (FeCo_3). The first two kinds of iron contained about 5 percent and 60 percent, magnetite contained about 65 percent iron, and iron ore iron ore contained only 30 percent iron. When iron is extracted from iron oxide ore, most of the ore and carbon are added together with high heat. The chemical reaction can be expressed by the following reaction formula: