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在《死刑的文化史》一书中,作者布鲁诺·赖德尔通过对死刑全部历史的考察揭示了死刑的本质:死刑是一种与正义无涉的存在,其根基在于人类社会普遍的心理需求,即通过以血复仇与活人祭祀发泄集体罪责感与不安感。在人类进入以理性、人权、人道主义为标榜的现代社会后,民众依然对死刑表现出极度的崇拜和狂热。我们从“替罪羊”的角度审视民众的死刑信念发现,民众的死刑观念中依然承载着对“替罪羊”的心理需求。这为我们扭转民众的死刑观念、废除死刑提供了一个思考的方向。
In his book, “Cultural History of Death Penalty,” Bruno Ridell reveals the essence of the death penalty by examining the entire history of the death penalty: death penalty is a non-existence related to justice. Its foundation lies in the universal psychological needs of human society, That is, by avenge the blood and living sacrifices to shed the sense of responsibility and unease of collective sin. After the human beings have entered the modern society which is advertised by rationality, human rights and humanitarianism, the people still show extreme admiration and fanatical death penalty. From the perspective of “scapegoat”, we examine the death penalty conviction of the public and find that people still carry the psychological needs of “scapegoats” in the concept of death penalty. This provides us a direction of thinking for reversing the notion of people’s death penalty and abolishing the death penalty.