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1815年拿破仑失败后的整个世纪里,战争演变成了一场长期革命,它由政治、经济、社会多种力量所创造和支持,技术进步只是其中的一种力量,但在许多方面它的影响却最为深远和引人瞩目。19世纪后半叶兴起的新冶金学、化学和弹道学,在身管武器尤其是火炮的发展中成果辉煌——缠丝炮身、强度较高的炮钢、无烟火药、复合引信、周视瞄准镜、测角器和引信装定机、膛线、后膛装填、反后坐装置和新型炮架等技术相继问世。这
Throughout the century after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, the war evolved into a long-term revolution. It was created and supported by various forces of politics, economy and society. Technological progress was only one of them. However, in many ways its impact But the most far-reaching and striking. New metallurgy, chemistry and ballistics, which arose in the second half of the 19th century, made brilliant achievements in the development of the arming weapons, especially the artillery, namely the wire-wrapped gun body, the gunner with higher strength, the smokeless gunpowder, the compound fuze, As sight, goniometer and fuse installed Ding machine, rifling, breech filling, anti-recoil device and a new type of technology such as gun came out. This