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一、混凝土大坝施工技术的变迁50年前美国举国上下全力以赴建设当时认为是世界最高的胡佛(Hoover)坝。该坝高221m,坝基最宽处198m,混凝土坝体积250×10~4m~3。由于该坝的建成,使科罗拉多河流域63×10~4(km)~2的土地免受干旱和洪水的威胁,从而造福于人类。此外,该工程为大坝施工技术作出的贡献更为世人瞩目。在该坝建设中研究、开发的诸项技术,不仅对以后大坝的施工技术产生影响,而且使其获得飞速发展。譬如混凝土大坝在大块混凝土固化发热以后,就要采取措施来防止冷却过程中因体积收缩而产生裂缝。为此,在该工程中研制了称作管道冷却的人工冷却法、首次采用接缝灌浆的施工缝处理,并将大坝分成230个浇筑块。正是由于开发了管道冷却和接缝
First, the concrete dam construction technology changes 50 years ago the United States go all out to build what was then considered the world’s highest Hoover dam. The dam height of 221m, the dam foundation widest 198m, concrete dam volume 250 × 10 ~ 4m ~ 3. As a result of the completion of the dam, 63 × 10 ~ 4 (km) ~ 2 land in the Colorado River Basin will be protected from human droughts and floods. In addition, the contribution made by the project to dam construction technology is even more remarkable. The technologies studied and developed in the construction of the dam not only have an impact on the construction technology of the dam but also make it get rapid development. For example, concrete dams in large concrete curing heat, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the cooling process due to shrinkage and cracks. For this purpose, artificial cooling, called pipe cooling, was developed in the project, the first to use a joint grout for construction joints and to divide the dam into 230 pouring blocks. It is due to the development of pipe cooling and seams