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所谓权益,就是人的权利与利益。权益维护,不仅是维护人的生存权,因为生存权只是人的基本权益之一。现代社会人,拥有政治、精神文化、心理健康等多方面的需求等。需求决定存在。心理学家把人的基本需求分成生理、安全、社交、尊重和自我实现五个等级,依次由较低的生理物质层次到较高的心理精神层次组成一个金字塔。金字塔底是人的生理需求,如对水、食物、空气和住房等的需求。再上一层是安全需求,包括生命安全,生活稳定、财产保障等以及免遭痛苦、威胁或疾病等的需求。第三层是社交需求,人需要社会交往,要求属于某个团体,对友谊、爱情等有需求。第四层是尊重需求,既包括对成就或自我价值的个人感觉,也包括他人对自己的认可与尊重。第五层也就是金字塔尖,是自我价值实现需求。
The so-called rights and interests, is the human rights and interests. The protection of rights and interests is not only to safeguard people’s right to subsistence, because the right to subsistence is only one of the basic human rights. Modern society, with political, spiritual and cultural, mental health and many other needs. Demand decision exists. Psychologists divide the basic needs of people into five levels: physical, security, social, respect and self-realization, which in turn form a pyramid from the lower level of the physical substance to the higher level of the spiritual level. The bottom of the pyramid is the physiological needs of people, such as water, food, air and housing needs. The next layer is the need for safety, including safety of life, stability of life, property protection and protection from suffering, threats or illness. The third layer is the social needs, people need social interaction, requires belonging to a group, for friendship, love and other needs. The fourth level is to respect the needs, including both the personal feelings of achievement or self-worth, as well as the recognition and respect of others. The fifth floor is the pyramid, is the realization of self-worth needs.