“西方马克思主义”和“西方马克思学”提出的“马恩对立论”在20世纪初开始兴起,后来经过了三次发展,在70、80年代达到高潮。这些西方学者认为:恩格斯关于自然观和历史观的思想与马克思本人的思想是不同的,并对恩格斯的思想进行了歪曲的批评。对这些错误观点予以批判,并在此基础上正确认识马克思与恩格斯之间的关系是十分必要的。 The Marxist Opposition Theory proposed by Western Marxism and Western Marxism began to rise at the beginning of the 20th century and then went through three stages of development and culminated in the 1970s and 1980s. These Western scholars think: Engels’s thought of nature and history is different from Marx’s own thinking, and Engels’s thought was distorted and criticized. It is necessary to criticize these erroneous views and correctly understand the relationship between Marx and Engels on this basis.