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自身免疫病是一类严重危害人类健康的慢性复杂性疾病,包括器官特异性自身免疫病(如胰岛素依赖型糖尿病)和系统性自身免疫病(如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎)等20余种疾病。其共同特征为机体对自身抗原发生免疫反应而导致自身组织损害。目前确切的发病机制尚不明确,近年研究发现表观遗传异常所致免疫调控网络紊乱与自身免疫病发生、发展及其分子机制相关。表观遗传学是指非基因序列改变所致基因表达水平的变化,包括三种调节性机制:DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA。组蛋白修饰是调控基因表达的重要表观遗传学机制,与基因转录表达相关并已经证明在肿瘤的病理过程中起重要的作用。其与自身免疫性疾病(如SLE等)的关系已受到越来越多的重视。本篇综述拟讨论组蛋白修饰对基因表达的影响以及在自身免疫病发病中所起的作用。
Autoimmune diseases are a group of chronic and complex diseases that are seriously detrimental to human health and include organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis More than 20 kinds of diseases. Their common feature is the body’s immune response to their own antigens and lead to their own tissue damage. At present, the exact pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, studies have found that disorders of immune regulation network caused by epigenetic abnormalities are related to the occurrence, development and molecular mechanism of autoimmune diseases. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels caused by non-genetic sequence changes, including three regulatory mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA. Histone modification is an important epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and is related to gene transcription and expression and has been shown to play an important role in the pathological process of tumors. Its relationship with autoimmune diseases (such as SLE, etc.) has received more and more attention. This review will discuss the effects of histone modifications on gene expression and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.