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名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，高考常从连接词的选择、语序、语气、时态等方面来考查。为帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目，这里对名词性从句的重难点进行归纳分析。
1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。
例That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。
例Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。
When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。
3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。
例The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。
4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。
例Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗？
5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。
例We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋。
6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。
例She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。
但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
例The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。
7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后（如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。
例I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道他何时回来。
8、whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。
例I don’t care about whether you have money or not. 我并不在意你是否有钱。
9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。
例I could say nothing but that I was angry.我无话可说，只是感到生气。
10、 引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
例He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.他说课文很难，我们必须努力学习。
11、当主句是I/ We think ( suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。
例We don’t believe that he will win the game. 我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。
12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。
例He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。
13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
例We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.我们怀疑他是否能赢得这场比赛。
14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。
例Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
【高考链接】
1. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海)
A. that B. when
C. what D. how
2. --- I think it’s going to be a big problem.
--- Yes, it could be.
--- I wonder ___ we do about it.(2002上海春)
A. if B. how
C. what D. that
3. You should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them often. (1999NMET)
A. when B. where
C. then D. there
4. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. (2001NMET)
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree. (2004 NMET)
A. why B. where
C. what D. how
6. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET)
A. this B. that
C. it D. one
7. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand ___ they insist on going by motor-bike. (2004NMET)
A. Why B. whether
C. when D. how
8. We can’t figure out ___ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.(2004 北京)
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, ___ our astronauts to do is walk in space. (2004 上海)
A. where B. what
C. that D. how
10. A story goes ___ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海)
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
Key 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 CACBD
强化练习
1. He has given us a suggestion ____ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
2. After five hours’ drive, they reached ____ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
3. It is no longer a question now ___man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which
C. whether D. what
4. She is pleased with ____ you have given him and all that you have told him.
A. that B. what
C. why D. which
5. Father made a promise ____ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if
C. whether D. that if
6. ____ surprised me most was that she didn’t even know ____ the difference between the two lies.
A. What, where B. What, what
C. That, where D. That, what
7. Sometimes we are asked ___ we think the likely result of an action will be.
A. that B. what
C. which D. whether
8. Nobody knows ___ he mentioned that at the meeting.
A. that B. why
C. what D. where
9. There is no doubt ____ my friend was not important to them all.
A. that B. whether
C. if D. why
10. I have no idea ____ they will visit our school; we have got everything ready.
A. how B. when
C. that D. why
Key 1-5 DDABD
6-10 ABBAB
1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。
例That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。
例Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。
When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。
3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。
例The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。
4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。
例Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗？
5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。
例We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋。
6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。
例She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。
但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
例The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。
7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后（如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。
例I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道他何时回来。
8、whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。
例I don’t care about whether you have money or not. 我并不在意你是否有钱。
9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。
例I could say nothing but that I was angry.我无话可说，只是感到生气。
10、 引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
例He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.他说课文很难，我们必须努力学习。
11、当主句是I/ We think ( suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。
例We don’t believe that he will win the game. 我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。
12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。
例He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。
13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
例We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.我们怀疑他是否能赢得这场比赛。
14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。
例Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
【高考链接】
1. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海)
A. that B. when
C. what D. how
2. --- I think it’s going to be a big problem.
--- Yes, it could be.
--- I wonder ___ we do about it.(2002上海春)
A. if B. how
C. what D. that
3. You should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them often. (1999NMET)
A. when B. where
C. then D. there
4. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. (2001NMET)
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree. (2004 NMET)
A. why B. where
C. what D. how
6. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET)
A. this B. that
C. it D. one
7. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand ___ they insist on going by motor-bike. (2004NMET)
A. Why B. whether
C. when D. how
8. We can’t figure out ___ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.(2004 北京)
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, ___ our astronauts to do is walk in space. (2004 上海)
A. where B. what
C. that D. how
10. A story goes ___ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海)
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
Key 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 CACBD
强化练习
1. He has given us a suggestion ____ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
2. After five hours’ drive, they reached ____ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
3. It is no longer a question now ___man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which
C. whether D. what
4. She is pleased with ____ you have given him and all that you have told him.
A. that B. what
C. why D. which
5. Father made a promise ____ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if
C. whether D. that if
6. ____ surprised me most was that she didn’t even know ____ the difference between the two lies.
A. What, where B. What, what
C. That, where D. That, what
7. Sometimes we are asked ___ we think the likely result of an action will be.
A. that B. what
C. which D. whether
8. Nobody knows ___ he mentioned that at the meeting.
A. that B. why
C. what D. where
9. There is no doubt ____ my friend was not important to them all.
A. that B. whether
C. if D. why
10. I have no idea ____ they will visit our school; we have got everything ready.
A. how B. when
C. that D. why
Key 1-5 DDABD
6-10 ABBAB