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血压长期升高,左心室必须克服从血管来的阻力而尽力将血液喷射出去。左心室的肌肉由此而因负担过重逐渐肥厚起来,以此来增加工作能力,这就是代偿作用。初期,病人的心脏具有代偿能力,所以无不适症状,在体检时可发现有心脏扩大。但长期代偿可使心肌劳累,导致工作能力逐渐降低,代偿功能逐渐衰退而发生心力衰竭。心力衰竭开始时,心脏每次收缩不能将左心室的血液排空,周围脏器组织血液供应不足,为此心脏只能增加每分钟跳动的次数来提高排血量,病人出现有心悸、乏力和头晕等症状。
Long-term blood pressure, left ventricular must overcome the resistance from the blood vessels and try to spray the blood out. Therefore, the left ventricular muscles gradually hypertrophy due to over-burden, in order to increase the ability to work, this is compensatory effect. Early, the patient’s heart compensatory capacity, so no symptoms, physical examination can be found to have heart enlargement. However, long-term compensation can make the heart muscle fatigue, resulting in a gradual reduction of working ability, compensatory function gradually decline and heart failure occurs. At the beginning of heart failure, each contraction of the heart can not empty the blood in the left ventricle, and blood supply to the surrounding organs and tissues is insufficient. Therefore, the heart can only increase the number of beats per minute to increase the amount of bleeding, and patients have heart palpitations, Dizziness and other symptoms.