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在近代中国复杂的经济结构、思想背景下,科技被纳入立法的视域。清末《资政新篇》带来了科技立法的观念启蒙,洋务运动进行了零星的颁发科技专营特权的尝试,《振兴工艺给奖章程》则开启了科技奖励章程的时代。北洋政府继续着奖励新兴科技与实业的步伐,国民政府则制定了中国第一部完整意义的《专利法》。新中国的科技立法经历了建立、停滞、恢复、改革和全面发展四个阶段,初步形成了完整的体系,也遗留了一些问题。
In the complicated economic structure and ideological background of modern China, science and technology are incorporated into the field of legislation. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, “A New Text of Government Affairs” brought about the enlightenment of science and technology legislation. The Westernization Movement carried out sporadic attempts to grant the franchise of science and technology franchise. The “Revitalization Crafts Award Medal” opened the era of science and technology rewards constitution. The Beiyang government continued to reward the pace of emerging technologies and industries while the national government set forth the first complete patent law in China. New China’s science and technology legislation has undergone four stages of establishment, stagnation, recovery, reform and all-round development, initially forming a complete system and leaving behind some problems.