本文从实用观点(而不是从计量学观点)系统地论述了有关微波功率测量的几个主要问题:最常用的功率计型式,测量误差源及精确度分析;功率计的校准技术等。着重介绍近年来获得迅速发展的两类功率计(即薄膜热电功率计和晶体检波功率计)及功率计校准的自动化问题。最后,展望了微波功率测量技术的发展前景。 This article systematically discusses several major issues related to microwave power measurement from a pragmatic point of view, not from a metrological point of view: the most common types of power meters, sources of measurement error and precision analysis, and power meter calibration techniques. It focuses on the automation problems of two types of power meters (thin film thermoelectric power meter and crystal power meter) and power meter calibration which have been rapidly developed in recent years. Finally, the prospect of microwave power measurement technology is prospected.