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笔者近年参与葡萄牙外交部所藏葡国驻广州总领事馆清末档案资料的整理编辑工作,注意到许多牵涉华人加入葡籍问题的交涉案。本文试以葡国驻广州总领事馆清末档案为例,主要从中国官府、有关华民及外国领事各自不同的认知立场分析晚清中葡交涉中的国籍问题。近代西方国家中与中国交往最早也曾最频繁的当属葡萄牙。葡萄牙曾被称作“佛郎机”、“意大利亚”等,清代多以“大西洋国”名,有时直称“葡国”。葡萄牙人在1887年中葡签订《和好通商条约》后,获得“永居管理”澳门权利,实际上将
In recent years, the author participated in arranging and editing the archives of the late Qing Dynasty by the Portuguese Consulate General in Portugal, noting that many representations involving the Chinese to join the Portuguese membership issue. Taking the late Qing archives of the Consulate General of Portugal in Guangzhou as an example, this paper attempts to analyze the issue of nationality in negotiations between China and Portugal in the late Qing Dynasty mainly from the different positions of Chinese officials, Chinese and foreign consuls. The earliest and most frequent contacts with China in modern western countries came as Portugal. Portugal has been called “Buddha Machine”, “Italy Asia” and so on. In the Qing Dynasty, the name of “Atlantic Ocean” was mostly used, sometimes “Portugal”. After the Portuguese signed the Treaty of Peace and Trade in 1887, the Portuguese gained the right to permanent residence and Macao. In fact,