人类口腔内栖息有多种微生物，包括细菌、古细菌、真菌和病毒，其与龋损、牙周炎、根尖周炎、口臭、菌血症、心血管系统疾病、糖尿病、肥胖以及不良妊娠等诸多疾病的发生密切相关。本文就口腔微生物种群多样性和种群结构以及微生物可能引起疾病发生的相关性作一综述。“,”Many kinds of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, inhabit in the hu-man oral cavity and they are closely related to the occurrence of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disea-ses, periapical infection, halitosis, bacteremia and systematic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes melli-tus, obesity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, the diversity and structure of oral microorganisms are sys-tematically reviewed and the potential correlation of oral microbes with these diseases is discussed.