毛泽东运用唯物辩证法的观点,阐明了独立自主、自力更生与学习外国、对外开放的辩证关系。他一方面强调经济建设要坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针,另一方面又主张向外国学习,积极发展对外交往,争取外部援助。在新的历史时期,邓小平充实和完善了毛泽东的对外开放思想,对社会主义建设起了巨大的 Mao Zedong used the view of materialist dialectics to clarify the dialectical relationship between independence, self-reliance and learning from foreign countries and opening to the outside world. On the one hand, he emphasized that the economic construction should adhere to the principle of independence and independence and self-reliance. On the other hand, he also advocated learning from foreign countries, actively developing foreign relations and seeking external assistance. In the new historical period, Deng Xiaoping enriched and perfected Mao Zedong’s thought of opening to the outside world and played an enormous role in the socialist construction