论文部分内容阅读
烟碱是烟草制品中主要的成瘾性物质。人体中烟碱药代动力学表现出极大的个体和种族差异,主要归因于烟碱代谢相关基因的多态性。揭示这种多态性对阐明个体对烟碱的耐受性、烟碱或吸烟相关疾病的易感性及烟碱或吸烟相关症状临床表现的多样性具有重要意义。人体中烟碱经多种代谢途径进行广泛地代谢,包括以CYP2A6为代表的碳氧化代谢途径,以及氮氧化、醛氧化和葡萄糖苷酸化作用等代谢途径。现对各烟碱代谢酶的基本性质、基因多态性、烟碱代谢活性及其诱导调控的可能机制进行综述。
Nicotine is a major addictive substance in tobacco products. The nicotinic pharmacokinetics in humans show great individual and ethnic differences, mainly due to the polymorphism of nicotinic metabolism-related genes. Revealing this polymorphism is important for elucidating individual tolerance to nicotine, susceptibility to nicotine or smoking-related diseases, and the diversity of clinical manifestations of nicotine or smoking-related symptoms. Nicotine is metabolized extensively by a variety of metabolic pathways, including carbon oxidative metabolism represented by CYP2A6 and metabolic pathways such as nitrogen oxidation, aldehyde oxidation and glucuronidation. The basic properties of nicotine metabolism enzymes, gene polymorphisms, nicotine metabolism activity and the possible mechanism of its induction and regulation are reviewed.