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目的对工业企业或建设项目实施有效的职业健康风险评估,确定职业病危害的风险级别。方法对应用于安全风险评估中的格雷厄姆法进行适用性改进,并通过评估某电力企业锅炉烟气脱硝项目各岗位的风险,验证该方法的科学性。结果格雷厄姆法中事故发生的可能性、人员暴露于危害环境的频繁程度以及发生事故后的严重性这3个指标的赋值得到了细化,建立起半定量化的风险评估方法。使用改进后的格雷厄姆法对某电力企业锅炉烟气脱硝项目进行评估,得到氨、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、高温的风险度等级为Ⅱ,噪声及工频电磁场的风险度等级为Ⅰ,与专家评估结果一致。结论改进的格雷厄姆法不仅可以在项目实施前半定量确定其职业病危害风险等级,还可以通过项目建成后的检测检验对分级结果进行验证和修正,为用人单位日常职业病防治监督与管理提供参考。
Objective To conduct an effective occupational health risk assessment of industrial enterprises or construction projects to determine the risk level of occupational disease hazards. Methods The applicability of Graham method in safety risk assessment was improved. The risk of various positions in boiler flue gas denitration project was evaluated to verify the scientificity of the method. Results The Graham method in the probability of accidents, the frequency of exposure of personnel to endanger the environment and the severity of the accident after the assignment of these three indicators have been refined to establish a semi-quantitative risk assessment method. The improved Graham method was used to evaluate the flue gas denitrification project of an electric power enterprise to get the risk of ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, high temperature risk grade Ⅱ, noise and power frequency electromagnetic field Degree of grade Ⅰ, consistent with the expert assessment results. Conclusion The improved Graham method can not only quantitatively determine the risk level of occupational diseases in the first half of the project, but also validate and correct the grading results through the test and test after the completion of the project so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of daily occupational diseases in employing units.