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引言多晶体金属的各向异性问题是近年来很有兴趣的一个题目。很多研究结果引致结论,工业上应用的金属大部分具有各向异性,这个问题在实际上的重要性在于金属产品、尤其是压延带与压延板材的性能随方向而变化。性质的方向性通常是一个不希望的现象。例如在深冲金属带时,机械性能的各向异性使冲件产生“突耳”,同时促成金属片的摺迭和厚度不均。在锻造的金属中,各向异性导致在某些方向上的范性不足而使成品裂开。在所有的多晶体金属机械试验中应该注意各向异性。
Introduction The anisotropy of polycrystalline metals is a subject of great interest in recent years. Many studies have led to the conclusion that most of the metals used in the industry are anisotropic. The issue is actually of importance in that the properties of metal products, especially calendered tape and calendered sheet, vary with direction. The nature of the direction is usually an undesirable phenomenon. For example, in the deep drawing of metal strips, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties causes the tabs to produce “lugs” that also contribute to the folding and unevenness of the metal sheet. In wrought metals, anisotropy results in a lack of norm in some directions that can crack the finished product. In all polycrystalline metal mechanical testing should pay attention to anisotropy.