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目的探讨肉毒神经毒素A诱导兔咬肌萎缩及对骨骼肌组织形态学影响。方法健康成年新西兰白兔30只,随机取5只共10个咬肌不作任何处理作为正常对照组(N组),另25只进行肉毒素诱导咬肌萎缩试验,一侧咬肌内注射肉毒毒素A(B组),另一侧注射生理盐水作自身对照(S组)。试验组25只动物分5组,分别进行2周、4周、8周、12周和24周试验,于试验结束时用B型超声测两侧咬肌厚度,切除两侧咬肌称其湿重,并留取部份肌组织做切片进行HE染色、三磷酸腺苷(ATP酶)染色和还原型辅酶I还原酶(NADH—TR)染色,光镜下观察及图像分析。结果 N组与S组咬肌各项指标均无差异,咬肌厚度和湿重测量显示B组咬肌厚度和湿重减少,与N组和S组之间差异有显著性,咬肌萎缩程度逐渐加重,至第12周达到最重,第24周时维持与第12周时相等的水平。切片光镜检查显示肌纤维面积减小。ATP酶和NADH-TR染色见Ⅱ型肌纤维横截面积(CSA)减小,Ⅱb型纤维更加明显,I型纤维无明显变化。结论肉毒素A有肯定的诱导肌萎缩作用．其肌萎缩主要为Ⅱ型肌纤维,对I型肌纤维无明显影响。
Objective To investigate the effects of botulinum neurotoxin A-induced masseter muscle atrophy and its effect on skeletal muscle histomorphology. Methods Thirty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10), masseter muscle (n = 10) and normal control group (n group). Botulinum toxin Toxin A (group B) and physiological saline as control (group S). Twenty-five animals in the experimental group were divided into 5 groups and tested for 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks respectively. At the end of the experiment, B-mode ultrasound was used to measure the masseter muscle thickness. , And some muscle tissues were collected for HE staining, ATPase staining and NADH-TR staining. Results There was no difference in masseter muscle between N group and S group. Masseter muscle thickness and wet weight measurement showed that masseter muscle thickness and wet weight decreased in group B compared with those in group N and group S, and the degree of masseter muscle atrophy Gradually increased until the 12th week to reach the maximum, the 24th week to maintain the same level with the 12th week. Slice light microscopy showed a decrease in muscle fiber area. ATPase and NADH-TR staining showed that the type Ⅱ muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) decreased, type Ⅱ b fibers were more obvious, type I fibers did not change significantly. Conclusion Botox has a positive effect on muscle atrophy. The main muscle atrophy type Ⅱ muscle fibers, no significant effect on the type I muscle fibers.