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随社会、经济条件的改善和医疗、预防医学的进步,一方面是婴幼儿、少年和年老体弱患者大量增加,另方面,感染性疾患本身的症状、预后、流行病学等方面也发生了明显的改变。关于致病菌,经过60年代葡萄球菌感染以后,已经从毒力强的细菌转向毒力弱的细菌,从革兰氏阳性细菌转向革兰氏阴性细菌感染。但随第三代头孢菌素的出现,葡萄球菌感染再次抬头。最近,感染性疾患的特点是,从前非致病的低毒性微生物和对抗生素耐药的菌株在一定条件下引起的所谓机会感染,这已引起人们的
With the improvement of the social and economic conditions and progress in medical treatment and preventive medicine, on the one hand there has been a massive increase in infants, adolescents and infirm patients; on the other hand, the symptoms, prognosis and epidemiology of the infectious disease itself have also taken place Significant change. With regard to pathogens, after a staph infection in the 1960s, they have shifted from virulent bacteria to less virulent bacteria, from Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, with the third generation of cephalosporins, staphylococcus aureus infection again rise. Recently, infectious diseases have been characterized by the so-called opportunistic infections caused by previously non-pathogenic, low-toxicity microorganisms and antibiotic-resistant strains under certain conditions that have caused people