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为了探明旱作条件下无机营养对作物产量和水分利用效率的补偿效应,我们在宁南黄土高原半干旱地区开展了为期两年的春小麦密度与肥料试验.通过4种播种密度和5种肥力水平的综合研究结果表明,在不同处理的籽粒产量和水分利用效率排序中,播种密度为500粒/m2时,以施肥量90kg/hm2N和135kg/hm2P2O5处理的产量和水分利用效率为最大.与不施肥的对照相比,增施肥料与籽粒产量和水分利用效率的提高成显著的正相关关系,相关系数分别达到0.959和0.894,而播种密度则与产量和水分利用效率的相关性不显著.增施肥料虽然能够提高可育小花数,但随着播种密度的增大,穗粒数和千粒重反而呈下降趋势,表明可育小花数对肥料水平反应敏感,而穗粒数和千粒重主要受播种密度的影响.施肥能够促进春小麦根系的生长发育,特别是促进浅层根量的增加,增强了作物的水分养分吸收.另外,不同种类肥料配施的结果表明,单施P肥或者N、P、K配合施用,可使春小麦产量分别提高44.6%和55.4%.N、P、K配合施肥还能够提高品质,使籽粒中的P、N、K含量分别提高18.5%、18.4%和8.1%.上述研究结果说明,控制播种密度、改善土壤肥力对于促进旱地春小麦高效利用有限水分具有明显的补偿效应.
In order to find out the compensatory effects of inorganic nutrition on crop yield and water use efficiency under dry cultivation conditions, we conducted a two-year spring wheat density and fertilizer experiment in the semi-arid area of southern Ningxia Loess Plateau.Through four kinds of planting density and five kinds of fertility The results of comprehensive research showed that the yield and water use efficiency of 90 kg / hm2N and 135 kg / hm2P2O5 were the highest when the sowing density was 500 grains / m2 in the different treatments of grain yield and water use efficiency. Compared with the control without fertilization, there was a significant positive correlation between fertilization and grain yield and water use efficiency, and the correlation coefficient reached 0.959 and 0.894, respectively. However, the correlation between sowing density and yield and water use efficiency was insignificant. Although fertilizers could increase the number of fertile florets, with the sowing density increased, the number of spikelets and thousand-kernel weight decreased instead, indicating that the number of fertile florets was sensitive to the level of fertilizers while the number of grains per spike and thousand-grain weight were mainly affected by seeding Density of fertilization can promote the growth and development of spring wheat root system, especially to promote the increase of the amount of shallow roots, increased moisture absorption of crops. The results showed that with the application of P fertilizer alone or N, P and K, the yield of spring wheat increased by 44.6% and 55.4%, respectively.N, P and K could also improve the quality of grain, The contents of P, N and K increased by 18.5%, 18.4% and 8.1% respectively.The results of the above study showed that controlling seeding density and improving soil fertility had a significant compensatory effect on promoting the efficient use of limited water in dryland spring wheat.