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目的分析新疆焉耆县疑似肺结核病患者痰标本阳性检出率低的原因。方法采用国家《痰涂片阴性活动性肺结核的诊断治疗与管理》中的抗酸染色法,对2010—2014年10月焉耆县肺结核病疑似患者和随访患者进行痰涂片镜检。结果共采集检查各种痰标本4 880份,阳性755份,阳性率15.5%;检查咳血痰标本54份,阳性率最高55.6%;检查唾液痰标本2 014份,阳性率最低0.6%,不同性状的痰标本阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=839.3,P<0.05);不同年份痰标本阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=71.12,P<0.05)。结论提高肺结核病患者检出率的关键在于留取痰标本的质量、工作人员痰检操作的质量、痰检人员的规范操作以及规范检测能力的达标。
Objective To analyze the reason of low positive rate of sputum in sputum from suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Yanqi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods The sputum smear microscopy was performed on sputum smear in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and follow-up in Yanqi County from October 2010 to October 2014 by using the acid-fast staining method in the national diagnosis and treatment of sputum smear negative active tuberculosis. Results A total of 4 880 sputum specimens were collected and the positive rate was 15.5%. Fifty-four sputum samples of sputum were collected and the positive rate was 55.6%. A total of 2 014 sputum sputum samples were collected, with the lowest positive rate of 0.6%. Different traits (Χ2 = 839.3, P <0.05). The positive rate of sputum specimens in different years was significantly different (χ2 = 71.12, P <0.05). Conclusion The key to improve the detection rate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is to keep the quality of sputum samples, the quality of sputum examination staff, the standard operation of sputum examination staff and the compliance of standardized testing ability.