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土壤入渗性能对于削减地表径流,减少水土流失具有重要的意义。利用环刀法,研究了吉林省低山丘陵区不同植被类型土壤的入渗性能。结果表明:(1)不同植被类型土壤稳定入渗率由大到小的顺序为蒙古栎>紫穗槐>落叶松>玉米>菜园>大豆>果园>杨树;不同植被土壤平均入渗速率由大到小排序为:蒙古栎>落叶松>紫穗槐>玉米>菜园>大豆>果园>杨树,落叶松、蒙古栎、紫穗槐的土壤渗透性能较好,杨树、果园的土壤渗透性能较差。(2)Horton公式拟合的稳定入渗率与实测值较为接近,Horton公式对本研究区土壤入渗过程拟合效果较好,比较适于描述本研究区的土壤入渗过程。(3)土壤初始入渗率与毛管孔隙度呈显著负相关,稳定入渗率和平均入渗率与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量呈显著正相关。由此可见,低山丘陵区要做好森林的保护和营造,从而增加土壤水分入渗,减少水土流失。
Soil infiltration performance is of great significance for reducing surface runoff and reducing soil erosion. Using ring cutter method, the infiltration characteristics of soils with different vegetation types in hilly area of Jilin Province were studied. The results showed as follows: (1) The order of soil infiltration rate of different vegetation types was: Quercus mongolica> Amorpha fruticosa> Larch> Maize> Vegetable garden> Soybean> Orchard> Poplar. The average infiltration rate of soil from different vegetation types was Large to small order: Quercus mongolica> Larch> Amorpha fruticosa> Corn> Vegetable garden> Soybean> Orchard> Poplar, larch, Quercus mongolica and Amorpha fruticosa have better soil permeability, Poor performance. (2) The steady infiltration rate fitted by Horton’s formula is close to the measured value. Horton’s formula has good fitting effect on soil infiltration process in this study area, and is more suitable for describing soil infiltration process in this study area. (3) There was a significant negative correlation between soil initial infiltration rate and capillary porosity. The steady infiltration rate and average infiltration rate were positively correlated with the content of> 0.25 mm water stable aggregates. Thus it can be seen that the protection and construction of forests in the hilly areas should be well done so as to increase soil water infiltration and reduce soil and water loss.