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鼓在现实生活中多以乐器的身份存在,以至于认为乐器是鼓的惟一属性。但历史上的运用却是多样的。特别是在“周礼”确立“丧中禁乐”制度以后,鼓在丧葬仪式中的运用就不是乐器。在历史的发展中,“丧中禁乐”存在着两条脉络:一种是官方的、主流的;一种是民间的、非主流的。鼓在两条脉络中的属性从非乐器逐渐到乐器演化,直至当下,完全演化成乐器属。鼓在丧葬仪式中属性的历史演变,反映了对功能性、历史性的认识,从而有助于了解鼓的真实面目。
Drums exist mostly as musical instruments in real life, believing that musical instruments are the only attributes of drums. However, the use of history is diverse. Especially after the “Zhou Li” established the “funeral ban” system, the use of drums in funeral rituals is not a musical instrument. In the history of development, there are two contexts of “funeral ban”: one is official and mainstream; the other is non-governmental and non-mainstream. Drums in the two context attributes gradually from non-musical instrument to musical instrument evolution, until now, completely evolved into musical instrument genus. The historical evolution of drums in funeral rituals reflects the functional and historical understanding that has helped to understand the true face of the drum.