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在山西洪洞建立了农膜、公路、农田小路、农田下垫面产流场,对不同下垫面的自然降雨产流及旱地小麦集水补灌的产量和水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明:在观测的27次降雨中,不同下垫面的产流量存在较大差异。农膜、公路、农田小路和农田下垫面的产流系数分别为81.4%、73.6%、41.6%、2.7%。旱地小麦集水补灌研究表明:旱地型品种应作为集水补灌旱地小麦的主干品种;补灌量愈大产量愈高,拔节期补灌优于扬花期;同一补灌量集中补灌优于分次补灌;不同播期密度在集水补灌条件下其产量和水分利用效率存在差异。该项研究为开展集水工程及集水补灌提供了理论和技术依据。
The agricultural plastic film, highway, farmland road and paddy farmland paddy field were established in Hongdong of Shanxi province. The natural rainfall and runoff of different underlying surface and the yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat catchment were studied. The results show that there is a big difference in the runoff of different underlying surfaces in the 27 observed rainfalls. The runoff coefficients of plastic sheet, highway, farmland road and farmland surface were 81.4%, 73.6%, 41.6% and 2.7% respectively. The study on paddy catchment irrigation in dry land shows that the dryland type breed should be taken as the main variety to catch up with the dryland wheat in catchment. The larger the amount of paddy is, the higher the yield is, and the boll weeding is better than the flowering stage at the jointing stage. At different seeding times, the yield and water use efficiency of different seeding densities were different under the condition of catchment irrigation. The study provides the theoretical and technical basis for water catchment project and water catchment recharge.