现代西方科学主义大体上经历了实证主义、逻辑实证主义和实在论等几个阶段。尼采以视角主义为杠杆 ,以人类生命为目的 ,以不贬损正当的科学理性为前提 ,对实证主义科学进行了无情的揭露和批判 ,从而开启了现代西方哲学史上反科学主义的思潮。尼采的反科学主义思想包含一些合理因素 ,但自身也存在偏颇之处。构建历史理性势在必行。 Modern Western scientism generally goes through several stages: positivism, logical positivism and realism. Nietzsche used visual angle as the lever and human life as the goal. Without prejudice to justification of scientific rationality, Nietzsche launched ruthless exposure and criticism of positivist science, thus opening up the trend of anti-scientism in the history of modern western philosophy. Nietzsche’s anti-scientism contains some reasonable factors, but it is also biased. It is imperative to construct historical reason.