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40年代延安搞整风,即整宗派主义、整教条主义、整党八股;50年代中国搞“三反”,即反贪污、反浪费、反官僚主义。那时的“整”和“反”,都曾将官僚主义当做反对的对象。不过大都颇温和,比起后来的“反右”以及后来的“反修”,那可真是不可同日而语。“反右”与“反修”(特别是“文革”),不仅将几十万、几百万人(包括其中的少许几位领袖级人物)弄得死去活来、身败名裂兼家破人亡。单是活活地或公开地、直接地或变相地将人枪毙、杖毙、逼毙、饿毙的事,也不是罕例。倒是对待官僚主义,不仅颇为和风细雨,有时甚而名反实宠,淡淡说上几句“不要当官做老爷”就可以了。道理很简单,对于权高势重的“领导人”看来,官僚终归是“我们同志”,是一家人。轻
In the 1940s, Yan’an engaged in rectification, that is, whole-partyism, dogmatism and party reorganization. In the 1950s, China engaged in “three anti-corruptions,” namely anti-corruption, anti-waste and anti-bureaucratism. At that time, “rectification” and “opposition” all regarded bureaucracy as the object of opposition. However, most of them are relatively mild. Compared to later “anti-rightist” and later “anti-revisionism,” it can not be compared in the same way. “Anti-right” and “anti-revisionism” (especially the “Cultural Revolution”) have not only demolished hundreds of thousands and millions of people, including a few of them, but also lost their lives. Nor is it a rare case that a person shoots, stutters, dies, or dies, either live or openly, either directly or in disguise. It touches bureaucratism, not only quite mellow and sometimes even anti-real pet, saying a few words, “Do not be an official” can do it. The reason is very simple. To the superpower’s “leaders”, bureaucrats are, after all, “we comrades” and are the same people. light