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一、产业结构政策制定的原则及对我国产业结构特性的分析 产业结构政策是指在一定时期内,确定产业结构发展方向,调节各产业之间的相互关系,向最优产业结构接近所需实行的经济政策。制定产业结构政策的目的就在于使资源在各产业之间保持量的比例合理性,使本国的产业结构向高度化合理化发展。在资源总量不变的前提下,向产业结构要效益,要速度,实现经济增长目标。制定产业结构政策一般应遵循以下几个原则:1.从产业结构本身演进的规律出发。产业结构演进的一般规律是:资源不断地从生产率低的产业向生产率高的产业转移。正如“配第——克拉克定律”所描述的那样,劳动力和资本是从第一产业向第二产业、第三产业依次转移的。在工业内部,是从一般工业向重化工业转移。遵循产业结构演进的这一规律制定产业结构政策,就可以达到有意识地加快产业结构演进过程的目的,以此来提高国民收入的增长,这就是日本人所说的“从结构中求速度”。2.要从本国的国情出发。当人们
First, the principle of industrial structure policy formulation and analysis of the characteristics of China’s industrial structure Industrial structure policy refers to a certain period of time, to determine the direction of industrial structure development, adjusting the inter-industry relations, to the optimal implementation of the industrial structure close to the implementation Economic policy The purpose of formulating industrial structure policies is to ensure that the resources are rationally proportionate among industries and that the industrial structure of the country be highly rationalized and developed. Under the premise of keeping the total amount of resources unchanged, it is necessary to make effective and speedy industrial structure and achieve the goal of economic growth. The formulation of industrial structure policies should generally follow the following principles: 1. Proceeding from the law of evolution of the industrial structure itself. The general rule of the evolution of industrial structure is that resources are continuously transferred from low-productivity industries to high-productivity industries. As described in the law of “Assignee with Clarke,” labor force and capital are transferred from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries in turn. Within the industry, from the general industry to the heavy chemical industry transfer. Following the law of evolution of industrial structure and formulating industrial structure policies can achieve the purpose of consciously accelerating the evolution of industrial structure in order to increase the growth of national income. This is what the Japanese call “the speed from structure.” 2. From the national conditions of our country. When people