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在免耕播种过程中,滑动式开沟器的结构参数对开沟后的种床效果有显著影响,进而影响作物生长和产量。为了分析滑动式开沟器的关键结构参数对表面0~10cm土层土壤特性(土壤容重、土壤水稳团聚体(WSA)和土壤扰动量)和表层秸秆扰动量的影响,设计具有不同结构参数(刃口厚度、刃口曲线、入土隙角和入土角)的滑动式开沟器在免耕条件下进行试验。通过正交试验和单因素试验分析不同结构参数的影响。结果表明,入土角、刃口厚度和刃口曲线对种沟扰动截面积(A_f)和表层秸秆扰动量具有显著影响;入土角对土壤容重有显著影响。土壤类型和作业深度对滑动式开沟器作业时的土壤扰动量具有显著影响。凹线型滑动式开沟器会产生最少的土壤扰动量和种沟内最小的土壤容重,最大的表层秸秆扰动量和>0.5mm土壤水稳团聚体(W_(SA))的含量。随着滑动式开沟器入土角的增加,种沟宽度(W_(sb))和种沟扰动截面积(A_f)分别先减小后增加,而抛土宽度(W_(st))和垄起高度(H_r)逐渐增加。入土角为60°的滑动式开沟器分别创造出最小的种沟宽度(W_(sb))和种沟扰动截面积(Af);入土角介于45°与60°间的滑动式开沟器可产生最小的土壤容重。随着入土隙角的增加,>0.5mm土壤水稳团聚体(WSA)的含量会减小,而对<0.5mm土壤水稳团聚体(W_(SA))含量的影响不明显。刃口厚度(<2mm)对种床土壤特性的影响不明显。本文为创造适宜种床环境的滑动式开沟器的结构优化提供参考,有利于促进中小型免耕播种机的推广。
During no-till sowing, the structural parameters of the sliding opener have a significant effect on the effect of seed beds after ditching, which in turn affects crop growth and yield. In order to analyze the influence of the key structural parameters of sliding opener on the soil characteristics (soil bulk density, soil water-stable aggregates (WSA) and soil disturbance) and the amount of straw disturbance on the surface of 0 ~ 10cm soil layer, (Edge thickness, edge curve, entry angle and entry angle) were tested under no-till conditions. The influence of different structural parameters was analyzed by orthogonal test and single factor test. The results showed that the soil entry angle, cutting edge thickness and edge curve had a significant effect on the disturbance interception area (A_f) and the amount of surface straw disturbance. The soil penetration angle had a significant effect on soil bulk density. Soil type and depth of work have a significant effect on soil disturbance during sliding opener operation. Slotted sliding opener will produce the least amount of soil disturbance and the smallest soil bulk density, the largest amount of surface straw disturbance and> 0.5mm soil water stable aggregate (W SA) content. With the increase of soil entry angle, the widths of seed furrows (W sb) and the seed furrows (A f) decrease and then increase, respectively, while the width of throwing soil (W st) Height (H_r) gradually increased. The smallest open pit width (W_ (sb)) and the secant disturbance sectional area (Af) were created by the sliding opener with a penetration angle of 60 °. The sliding ditches with a soil entry angle between 45 ° and 60 ° Can produce the smallest soil bulk density. With the increase of soil insertion angle, the content of soil water stable aggregate (WSA)> 0.5mm decreased, but the content of WSA <0.5mm soil moisture stable aggregate (W SA) content was not obvious. The thickness of edge (<2mm) had no obvious effect on the soil characteristics of seedbed. This paper provides a reference for optimizing the structure of the sliding opener which is suitable for planting bed environment, which is helpful to promote the promotion of medium and small no-till planters.