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在农业科学迅速发展,生产水平不断提高的今天,传统的肥料概念、种类以及施肥的作用等问题都值得提出来重新探讨。长期以来人们一直认为施肥不过是向土壤里补充给农作物吸收掉的养分。实际上,在开放的农田生态系统中,土壤、肥料和农作物三者之间构成极为复杂的关系,施进土壤的肥料受到土壤的物理(透气性、保水性等),化学(酸碱度、离子浓度等)和生物(微生物及低等动物等)性状的影响,反过来肥料又会对土壤的这些性状产生影响,这种综合的影响作用直接关系到农作物的生长发育及收获时的产量。所以施肥作为一项农业措施应该能够调控土壤的各种性状,为农作物创造一个良好的生态环境,促进其生长发育,起到增产的作用。基于这种认识,我们可以赋于肥料以一个广义的新的概念,即能够调控土壤各种性状、影响农作物生长发育、有增产效果的物质都可归属于肥料的范畴。
With the rapid development of agricultural science and continuous improvement of production level, the problems of traditional fertilizer concepts, types and fertilization are all worth to be revisited. For a long time people have always thought that fertilization is nothing but to add nutrients to the soil to absorb the crops. In fact, in open farmland ecosystems, soil, fertilizers and crops constitute an extremely complex relationship. The fertilizers applied to the soil are affected by soil physical properties (air permeability, water retention, etc.), chemical (pH, ionic strength Etc.) and biological (microbial and lower animals, etc.) traits, in turn fertilizers will have these soil properties have an impact, this comprehensive impact directly related to crop growth and development and harvest yield. Therefore, as an agricultural measure, fertilization should be able to control various traits of soil, create a good ecological environment for crops, promote their growth and development, and increase production. Based on this understanding, we can endow fertilizers with a broad new concept that can regulate various traits of soils and affect the growth and development of crops, and those with enhanced yield can be classified as fertilizers.