食用菌约有300余种,大都生长在枯枝、草地或森林沃地上,其中不少已能进行人工培养。食用菌富含多种酶类,能分解木屑、草茎和粪土中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和含氮物质,并以此为原料,合成蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、糖、有机酸和生物碱等各种代谢产物。这些物质中不少可用于制药、食品、发酵和化学工业。 About 300 species of edible mushrooms, mostly grown in dead branches, meadows or forested land, many of whom have been able to carry out artificial cultivation. Edible mushrooms are rich in enzymes that break down cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and nitrogenous substances in sawdust, grass stems and soil, and use them as raw materials to synthesize proteins, amino acids, fats, sugars, organic acids And alkaloids and other metabolites. Many of these substances are used in the pharmaceutical, food, fermentation and chemical industries.