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公司设立无效是指设立行为因存在严重瑕疵而被法院宣告无效,使已经成立的公司进入清算解散程序的法律制度。(周友苏,新公司法论[M]．法律出版社,2006:170．)它是对公司设立人在公司设立过程中未能遵守法定的实体条件或程序条件而作出的一种回应。公司设立无效制度存在于世界上许多国家的民商法典中．如《德国有限责任公司法》第七十五条第一款规定:如果公司合同没有规定基本资本数额或经营对象,或者公司合同中关于经营对象的规定无效,则任何股东、任何业务执行人以及——如果设有监事会——任何监事成员均可通过起诉申请宣告公司无效。《日本商法典》第
The invalid establishment of a company refers to the establishment of a legal flaw in a company that has been found invalid by the court because of serious flaws and that has already been established into the liquidation and dissolution proceedings. (Zhou Yousu, New Corporations Law [M] .Law Publishing House, 2006: 170.) It is a response to a company founder’s failure to comply with statutory or procedural conditions during the company’s establishment. The establishment of an invalid system exists in the civil and commercial codes of many countries in the world. For example, the first paragraph of Article 75 of the German LLC law stipulates that if the company’s contract does not stipulate the amount of basic capital or the business object or if the provisions of the company contract on the business object are invalid, any shareholder, any business executive and - If there is a board of supervisors - Any member of a supervisory board may declare the company invalid by filing an application. Japanese Commercial Code