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目的调查漳平市农民生活环境卫生质量与疾病分布。方法用分层3阶段随机抽样法,抽取7个乡镇23个村330户1 230名农民,进行入户问卷调查。结果简易自来水普及率89.4%,生活垃圾入箱率64.8%,生活污水明沟排放占77.3%,99.4%的生活污水未经处理排入屋内外环境;卫生厕所普及率77.0%;住宅庭院和室内卫生达标率分别为55.2%和63.0%;住宅周围有混合病媒生物孳生地者占58.5%、污水沟占68.5%。农民两周患病率10.6%,慢性病患病率14.4%,心脑血管疾病居各类慢性病首位(6.2%,占42.9%)。结论漳平市农民生活环境卫生质量较差,两周患病率和慢性病患病率偏高,应重点防控。要着重完善简易自来水管网建设(或建立乡/村级小/微型自来水厂),狠抓污水无害化处理,扩大垃圾处理覆盖面,普及卫生厕所。
Objective To investigate the quality and disease distribution of peasants living environment in Zhangping City. Methods By stratified 3-stage random sampling method, 1 230 farmers from 330 households in 23 villages in 7 townships were sampled for household survey. Results The popularization rate of simple tap water was 89.4%, the rate of domestic waste into the bin was 64.8%, that of domestic sewage was 77.3%, and that of 99.4% of the domestic sewage was discharged into the indoor and outdoor environment without treatment; the popularity of sanitary latrines was 77.0%; residential courtyards and indoor sanitation The compliance rates were 55.2% and 63.0% respectively; there were 58.5% of mixed vector breeding places around the residence and 68.5% of sewage ditches. The prevalence of peasants in two weeks was 10.6%, that of chronic diseases was 14.4%, and that of cardiovascular and chronic diseases was the highest (6.2%, 42.9%). Conclusion The quality of life and environmental hygiene of peasants in Zhangping City is poor, the prevalence of two weeks and the prevalence of chronic diseases are high, and prevention and control should be given priority. We should focus on improving the construction of simple water pipe network (or the establishment of township / village small / micro-tap water plant), pay close attention to the harmless treatment of sewage, expand the coverage of garbage disposal and popularize sanitary latrines.