20世纪70年代,“生物考古(bioarchaeology)”一词首次被提出,但当时仅指考古遗址中动物遗存的研究[1]。尔后,Jane Buikstra等提出生物考古应该研究考古遗址中的人类遗骸以重建人类历史[2]。现今,生物考古的研究范围不断扩大,研究对象也进一步拓展,囊括了考古遗址出土的所有生物遗存,如人类遗骸、动物、植物以及微生物等,研究手段也更加科学化、实验化。目 In the 1970s, the term “bioarchaeology” was first proposed, but at the time it was only referring to the study of animal remains in archeological sites [1]. Later, Jane Buikstra et al. Proposed that biological archeology should study human remains in archaeological sites to rebuild human history [2]. Nowadays, the research scope of biological archeology is expanding and the research objects are further expanded, covering all the remains of animals, such as human remains, animals, plants and microorganisms unearthed from archaeological sites. The research methods are also more scientific and experimental. Head