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在历史上,有关孔子问礼于老子,以及孔子与老子问对的文献记载,分别见于《史记·孔子世家》、《老子韩非列传》,以及《礼记·曾子问》和《庄子》中的《田子方》、《知北游》、《天道》、《天运》、《天地》等篇,还有《孔子家语·观周》当中。其中既有历史事实的影迹,也不免有后人添加的故事或寓言的成分。如何结合有关文献,梳理出孔子问礼于老子故事的历史逻辑线索,并透过相关故事本身来感受其中所包含的历史文化意义,这就是本文的笔触所在。
Historically, the documents about the greetings from Confucius to Lao Tzu and the questions asked by Confucius and Lao Tzu can be found in the Records of the Historian · Confucius, the Biography of Lao Tzu Han Fei, and the Book of Rites · Zeng Zi and Zhuang Zi “Tian Zi Fang”, “Know the North Tour”, “Heaven”, “Days Yun”, “Heaven and Earth” and other articles, as well as “Confucius Jiayu Week”. Including both the historical facts of the shadow, but also inevitably add the story of future generations or allegorical ingredients. How to combine the relevant literature, sort out the historical logic clues of Confucius asked for ceremony in Lao Tzu, and through the story itself to experience the historical and cultural significance contained therein, this is where the brush strokes of the article.