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为查明沉陷水域底泥及周边土壤对沉陷水域特征污染指标的潜在影响,确定采煤沉陷水域的主导污染源,以淮北临涣采煤沉陷水域为研究对象,对沉陷水域底泥及周边土壤进行了样点布设与样品采集,测试了不同层位底泥及土壤的氮、磷、有机质等指标。由测试结果可以得出:采煤沉陷水域底泥中的pH,Eh、有机质等指标均低于土壤,其中有机质减少了80%~95%,氮、总磷、有效磷、总碳含量高于周边土壤,分别平均增加了约20%,5.35%,8.37%,93.24%,说明采煤沉陷水域在积水的25 a间,原有肥沃的表层土壤中的有机质逐渐分解,采煤沉陷不仅导致了耕地面积的减少,而且导致了土壤中有机质的损失;水体与底泥间总碳、氮、磷等物质的交换趋势为水体向底泥中富集,同时间接地说明了在没有集中污染源排放的情况下,采煤沉陷水域暂时没有内源释放污染物的风险,控制外源输入是保护沉陷区水环境的主要措施。
In order to find out the potential influence of the sediment in the submerged area and the surrounding soil on the characteristic pollution index of the subsidence area and to determine the dominant pollution source in the subsidence area of the coal mining area and the mining subsidence area in Linqu of Huaibei as the research object, The sample layout and sample collection, testing of different layers of sediment and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and other indicators. From the test results, it can be concluded that the pH, Eh, organic matter and other indicators in the sediments of subsidence area are lower than those in the soil, with organic matter reduced by 80% -95%, nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total carbon content higher than The soil around them increased by about 20%, 5.35%, 8.37% and 93.24% respectively on average, indicating that the organic matter in the original fertile topsoil was gradually decomposed within 25 a of the subsidence area in coal mining subsidence, and the coal mining subsidence not only resulted in The decrease of cultivated land area led to the loss of organic matter in the soil. The exchange of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus among water bodies and sediments showed that the body of water was enriched in the sediment, indirectly indicating that there was no emission of concentrated pollutants , The subsidence area of mining coal is temporarily without the risk of endogenous release of pollutants. Control of exogenous input is the main measure to protect the water environment in the subsidence area.