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人民币汇率问题已经成为当前中美贸易中的一个非常突出的问题。美国国内,尤其是美国国会内的一些人,经常拿这一问题来说事。近几年来,他们多次以中国操纵货币、中国汇率制度违反1974年美国贸易法301条款为由,向美国贸易代表提出调查申请,但均遭到拒绝。本文以WTO规则为依据,分析301条款的性质、地位和作用,结合中美贸易的实践,特别是近几年来有关301条款的人民币汇率特定争端案件的具体内容,分析了美国贸易代表驳回调查申请的表面理由和内在原因,并提出了应对301条款的一些观点和建议。
The RMB exchange rate issue has become a very prominent issue in the current Sino-U.S. Trade. Some people in the United States, especially in the U.S. Congress, often take this issue as an example. In recent years, they have repeatedly rejected the application to China’s trade representatives on the grounds of China’s manipulation of the currency and China’s exchange rate system in violation of Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act of 1974. Based on the WTO rules, this article analyzes the nature, status and function of Section 301. Combining with the practice of Sino-US trade, especially the specific content of the RMB exchange rate specific dispute cases of Section 301 in recent years, this article analyzes the dismissal of investigation application On the surface of the reasons and internal reasons, and put forward some of the views to deal with Section 301 and suggestions.