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石油流体中含有气相、液相及可能遇到的固相包括水合物、石蜡和沥青质等,涉及多元气-液-固复杂体系的相平衡问题.为防止这些沉积物堵塞造成安全隐患,需要确定水合物、石蜡、沥青质沉积起始条件以及沉积量.本文针对化学热力学理论在含水合物、石蜡和沥青质的多元-多相平衡研究中的应用进行了综述.水合物相平衡模型较为成熟,主要有两类,其一为基于等温吸附理论的van der Waals-Platteeuw型热力学模型;其二为基于双过程水合物生成机理的Chen-Guo水合物热力学模型.石蜡沉积一般采用活度系数法、状态方程法及多固相模型描述.沥青质絮凝、沉积则可采用溶解度参数模型、状态方程法、胶体模型和标度理论模型进行计算.同时对多元气-液-固复杂体系的相平衡研究发展方向进行了展望.
Liquid petroleum gas phase, liquid phase and possible solid phase including hydrate, paraffin and asphaltene, etc., involve the phase equilibrium problem of multivariate gas-liquid-solid complex system.In order to prevent the clogging of these sediments and cause potential safety problems, Determine the hydrate, paraffin, asphaltene deposition starting conditions and deposition.In this paper, the application of chemical thermodynamics theory in the study of the hydrate, paraffin and asphaltene multivariate-polyphase equilibrium are reviewed.The hydrate phase equilibrium model is more There are two main types, one is the van der Waals-Platteeuw thermodynamic model based on isothermal adsorption theory and the other is a Chen-Guo hydrate thermodynamic model based on the formation mechanism of the double process hydrate. The paraffin deposition generally adopts the activity coefficient State equation method and multi-solid phase model description.Asphaltene flocculation and sedimentation can be calculated by the solubility parameter model, the state equation method, the colloidal model and the scale theoretical model.At the same time, the multiphase gas-liquid-solid complex phase Balanced the direction of research and development prospects.