在社会转型背景下,中国农村家庭的代际关系发生了怎样的变化?本文从分家析产与家庭伦理的角度提出了一个解释框架。在传统分家析产模式中,以土地的继承为核心,再生产了以“养”为核心的家庭伦理观,形成了传统的“继—养”体系。20世纪中期以来,地权的变革和市场的兴起根本改变了这一模式,导致家庭伦理的再生产难以为继,并引发了农村老年人的养老危机。与变化了的家产模式相适应,中青年父母们转变了传统的养老预期,开始独立地积蓄财富、购置养老保险,形成了新的养老观念。在这种新的养老观念的推动下,家产的分割呈现出有限、理性的特征,一种新的、理性的代际关系开始形成。总的来看,农村代际关系经历了平衡———失衡———新的平衡的变动趋势。 Under the background of social transformation, what changes have taken place in the intergenerational relations of Chinese rural families? This paper presents a framework of interpretation from the angle of family separation and family ethics. In the traditional separation model, taking the inheritance of land as the core, the family ethics with “nourishment ” as the core was rebuilt and a traditional system of “follow-nourishment” was formed. Since the middle of the 20th century, the change of land ownership and the rise of the market have fundamentally changed this model, which has made the reproduction of family ethics unsustainable and triggered the pensions crisis of the elderly in rural areas. Adapted to the changing mode of production, young and middle-aged parents changed their traditional pension expectations, started to accumulate wealth independently, purchased endowment insurance, and formed a new pension concept. Driven by this new concept of pension, the division of family property presents a limited and rational feature. A new and rational intergenerational relationship begins to take shape. In general, rural intergenerational relations have undergone a balance - imbalance - a trend of changing new balances.