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中国的煤产量占世界的35％以上,同时重大煤矿事故发生率占约80％。中国最近已决定在全国的煤矿中任命10万名工人安全监察员。这对降低中国的煤矿事故发生率是非常重要的一步。其他已建立了工人安全监察员制度的国家已经积累了许多经验。或许世界上最好的煤矿安全模式要数英国和澳大利亚的。英国“工人监察员”角色早在1872年就已经得到认可。英国已经建立了一套结构合理的法定安全检查体系,该体系由代表法人的安全监察员和工人选举出来的工人安全临察员组成。安全咨询系统是由矿工联盟和政府组成的安全委员会构成。全国矿工联盟聘请了有丰富的安全和生产经验的资深煤矿工程师。英国煤炭局的工作人员和工人监察员都是具有一定水准的专业人士。有了这样的安全组织,英国的事故发生率从1946年迅速下降,从而使英国能宣布其在世界上拥有最安全的煤炭产业。澳大利亚的法律和英国相似,但是主要应用于州立法而不是联邦立法。检察员分为定点监察员和地区监察员两种。定点监察员由工人们选举产生。地区监察员在操作员违规操作并导致危险时有权中止其操作。定点监察员必须参加一个由内阁授权的关于职业安全和健康的培训课程。培训费用由新南威尔士政府承担。新西兰在1992年的职业健康和安全法案(在2002年和2003年有所修改)中阐明了工人安全代表的权利。他们必须由工人们自己选举产生。所有关于健康和安全的措施都是构建在员工参与的基础上,目标是通过工会取得雇员和管理方的一致。工人代表还有权发布隐患通知,并建议员工们在紧急情况下有权停止作业。
China’s coal production accounts for more than 35% of the world’s total, while major coal mine accidents account for about 80%. China has recently decided to appoint 100,000 worker safety inspectors in coal mines throughout the country. This is a very important step in reducing the incidence of coal mine accidents in China. Other countries that have established a system of worker safety inspectors have accumulated a great deal of experience. Perhaps the best coal mine safety model in the world is Britain and Australia. The role of a British “worker inspector” has been recognized as early as 1872. The United Kingdom has established a well-structured statutory safety inspection system, which consists of worker safety inspectors who are elected by safety inspectors and workers representing legal persons. The safety advisory system is made up of safety committees made up of miners’ coalitions and governments. The National Coal Mining Union hired a veteran coal mine engineer with extensive safety and production experience. British Coal Board staff and workers inspectors are professionals with a certain standard. With such a security organization, the rate of accidents in the UK dropped rapidly from 1946, allowing Britain to declare its safest coal industry in the world. Australian law is similar to that in the United Kingdom, but it applies mainly to state law rather than federal legislation. Inspectors are divided into two types of designated ombudsman and regional ombudsman. The appointed ombudsman is elected by the workers. Regional ombudsmen have the right to suspend their operations when the operator is operating in a non-compliance manner and leads to danger. The designated ombudsman must attend a cabinet-licensed training course on occupational safety and health. Training costs borne by the government of New South Wales. New Zealand clarified the rights of workers’ safety representatives in the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1992 (as amended in 2002 and 2003). They must be elected by the workers themselves. All health and safety measures are built on employee engagement, with the goal of getting employees and managers aligned through the union. Workers’ representatives also have the right to issue a hazard notification and advise employees to have the right to stop work in an emergency.