归责原则是铁路交通事故损害赔偿的核心问题 ,无过错责任原则与过错推定责任原则是铁路交通事故争论的焦点。本文从理论和铁路司法实践两个层面 ,对铁路法关于交通事故人身伤害赔偿规定的立法实质进行考察 ,认为铁路法所确认的铁路交通人身伤害赔偿实行的是过错推定责任原则。 The principle of imputation is the core issue of the compensation for damages caused by railway accidents. The principle of no-fault liability and liability for presumption of fault are the focal points of railway traffic accidents. Based on the theory and the railway judicial practice, this article examines the essence of the legislation on the railway accident personal injury compensation provisions of the railway law. It considers that the railway transportation personal injury compensation as confirmed by the railway law is the principle of fault presumption responsibility.