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发达国家的儿童口服3次三价脊髓灰质炎活疫苗(TOPV)后,各型抗体阳转率接近100%;而发展中国家的儿童在相同情况下,Ⅰ和Ⅲ型抗体阳转率分别只有73%(36～99%)和70%(40～99%)。对造成上述差异的因素尚未充分阐明。有些资料表明Ⅱ型疫苗病毒及肠道病原体会干扰Ⅰ和Ⅲ型抗体应答,但调整TOPV配比剂量可克服干扰。鉴于疫苗病毒排泄时间长,并能干扰再次服苗的免疫效果,因此延长服苗时间间隔至30天以上也很重要。分子生物学的发展,最终将导致产生免疫原性更强的疫苗候选株,同时也应考虑增加TOPV剂量,大规模疫苗接种运动及活和灭活疫苗联合使用等措施。
In developed countries, oral immunization with trivalent poliomyelitis three (TOPV) vaccinated children showed nearly 100% positive rates of positive antibody. However, in developing countries, the rates of positive rates of type I and type III antibodies were only 73% (36-99%) and 70% (40-99%). The factors that caused the above differences have not been fully elucidated. Some data suggest that Type II vaccine viruses and enteric pathogens interfere with type I and type III antibody responses, but adjusting TOPV doses can overcome the interference. In view of the vaccine virus excretion for a long time, and can interfere with the vaccine effect of vaccine again, it is important to extend the service interval to more than 30 days. The development of molecular biology will eventually lead to the production of more immunogenic candidate vaccine strains, and should also consider increasing the TOPV dose, large-scale vaccination campaigns and joint use of live and inactivated vaccines and other measures.