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戊型肝炎(HE)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染引起的急性病毒性肝炎,在全球范围广泛流行,不同基因型的HEV决定了其流行病学差异。HE的大规模暴发或流行主要见于亚洲和非洲等卫生基础条件较差的发展中国家,而发达国家以散发为主。据世界卫生组织预测全球约1/3人口有感染HEV的风险,每年约2 000万人感染HEV,并导致300万人发病,5.66万人死亡。HEV感染对人群健康造成重大威胁,尤其是老年人和孕妇。研究表明HE也是一种人畜共患疾病,猪是HEV的主要动物宿主和人类HE的主要传染源。接种疫苗是预防控制HE的重要措施,由我国自主创新研制的重组HE疫苗已于2012年10月上市启用。本文对HE流行病学研究进展进行综述,并据此提出相应的防控措施。
Hepatitis E (HE) is acute viral hepatitis caused by Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and is widely prevalent in the world. The HEV of different genotypes determines its epidemiological difference. The mass outbreaks or epidemics of HE are mainly seen in developing countries with poorer health infrastructure in Asia and Africa, while the developed countries mainly distribute. According to the World Health Organization, about one third of the world’s population is at risk of HEV infection. About 20 million people are infected with HEV each year, causing an incidence of 3 million people and 56,600 deaths. HEV infection poses a significant threat to the health of people, especially the elderly and pregnant women. Studies have shown that HE is also a zoonotic disease and that pigs are the main source of infection for the major animal hosts and human HEs of HEV. Vaccination is an important measure to prevent and control HE. The recombinant HE vaccine developed by China’s independent innovation was put on the market in October 2012. This article summarizes the progress of HE epidemiology and puts forward corresponding prevention and control measures accordingly.