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Objectives To evaluate theimpact of stent implantation on proliferation and apop-tosis in injured media vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and to explore the mechanism of restenosisafter stent implantation. Methods Fifty male NewZealand rabbits were randomized into two groups, in-cluding balloon group and stent group. Control groupwas set up. The samples were harvested on 3, 7, 14,28, 56 days after operation and the following investi-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of mediaAnalyzing apoptosis of media VSMC by DNA agarosegel electrophoresis and TUNEL technique. ResultsThe expression of PCNA and apoptosis in stent andballoon groups were markedly increased compared withcreased expression of PCNA in the media VSMC com-pared with balloon group on 3 to 28 days. On day 7,the positive rates of PCNA were 24.36 ± 0. 55 % vsdays, stent group appeared obvious DNA ladder, whileshowed that stent group induced much more significantapoptosis than that of balloon group on 3 to 28 days.The highest rate of apoptosis appeared on day 7:12.42calculating the ratio of the positive rate of PCNA toapoptosis, it showed that on 3 to 28 days, the ratio ofballoon group was higher than that of stent group.There was obvious difference between two groups.Conclusions Stent group induces augmented prolif-eration and much more significant apoptosis of mediaVSMC than that of balloon group. It makes the ratio ofproliferation to apotosis reduced and the severity ofrestenosis relieved after stent implantation.